TL;DR
For non-invasive wrinkle reduction, 1450 nm (water-targeting) lasers concentrate heat in the mid-dermis to stimulate collagen safely across all skin tones; 1064 nm penetrates deeper, interacts more with melanin/hemoglobin, and is better suited to vascular/hair uses than precise dermal remodeling. Evidence cited shows NIRA's 1450 nm device achieves larger Fitzpatrick Wrinkle Score improvements (avg ~1-2 points; up to 3) and stronger real-world outcomes than non-fractional 1064 nm devices, which also carry higher PIH risk.
- Why 1450 nm wins: ~300× higher water absorption > focused mid-dermal heating (0.5 mm), collagen remodeling, minimal downtime/safety across Fitz I-VI.
- Evidence gap: NIRA (1450 nm) has blinded clinical data and FDA 510(k) support; DermRays (1064 nm) lacks peer-reviewed trials and shows weaker, variable results.
- Practical take: For at-home anti-aging, choose 1450 nm (e.g., NIRA) for greater efficacy and comfort; reserve 1064 nm for other indications or pro settings.
ABSTRACT
This report provides a detailed comparison between the 1450 nm and 1064 nm laser wavelengths for non- invasive skin rejuvenation, emphasizing their use for wrinkle reduction. An analysis of the fundamental physics and tissue interactions of each wavelength is followed by a comparison of real-world applications of two FDA-cleared devices - NIRA and DermRays, that operate at these wavelengths.
Introduction
Wrinkle reduction remains one of the most sought-after aesthetic treatments as patients seek safe, non-invasive solutions for skin rejuvenation. Skin aging is caused by natural and environment factors. Among the available technologies, diode lasers—particularly NIRA’s 1450 nm laser and DermRays’ 1064 nm laser—have gained prominence for their non-ablative skin-rejuvenation abilities. However, clinical evidence reveals significant differences in their efficacy and potential side effects for wrinkle reduction.
NIRA's 1450 nm diode laser are optimized for water absorption and demonstrates superior collagen remodeling capabilities by creating precise thermal stress in the mid-dermis. In contrast, DermRays' 1064 nm diode laser targets deeper tissue treatments and vascular applications based on the wavelength absorption in melanin and hemoglobin.
This white paper examines the scientific principles, clinical outcomes, and practical considerations that distinguish these two advanced diode laser systems in wrinkle reduction. By analyzing their tissue interactions, treatment protocols, and real-world performance, this paper provides evidence-based insights to help end users make informed decisions about these technologies for optimal non-ablative skin rejuvenation outcomes.
Components of Skin
The skin is composed of three distinct layers, each with unique structural and functional properties, depicted in Figure 1.1 The outermost layer, the epidermis, ranges in thickness from 0.03 mm on delicate areas like the eyelids to 2 mm on thicker areas like the palms and sole.2 The average epidermal thickness of the whole face is approximately 0.18 mm.3 The epidermis acts as the body's primary protective barrier and is where melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color and UV protection is found.4
The epidermis has a relatively low water content (15– 20%), making it less responsive to water-targeted laser treatments.4 However, its preservation is critical for avoiding post-treatment complications like scarring or dyspigmentation, especially in darker skin tones. The use of wavelengths with low melanin absorption for the treatment of darker skin tones is preferable to prevent pigmentation issues.
Beneath the epidermis lies the dermis, which varies from 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm in thickness and serves as the
skin's structural foundation.2 This layer’s thickness averages 0.98 mm in the facial area.3 The dermis is composed primarily of Type I collagen (90% of body’s collagen) for strength, Type III collagen for flexibility, and elastin and hyaluronic acid for elasticity and hydration.5 The dermis is the primary target for collagen- stimulating treatments and also contains hemoglobin, which gives blood its red color and contributes to the skin tone variations in vascular conditions.4
The facial dermis has a 72% water content making it highly responsive to 1450 nm diode lasers, which are absorbed 0.5 mm deep to deliver precise thermal energy to the mid-dermis.4,6 This stimulates fibroblasts to produce new collagen and elastin, leading to wrinkle reduction and skin tightening without damaging the epidermis.
Figure 1. Layers of the Skin (Hxtran, 2023)
The deepest layer, the hypodermis, consists of fat and connective tissue and ranges dramatically in thickness (0.5 mm to 30 mm) depending on body location and individual adiposity.2 With a water content of just 6– 36%, this layer provides structural support, insulation, and volume, but is not a direct target for non-ablative laser treatments.4 The 1064 nm laser wavelength has low water absorption and penetrates deeper than the epidermis and dermis, around 4 mm deep.7,8 This results in the energy absorbing into the hypodermis and deeper muscle layers.
Mechanism of Facial Aging
Facial aging is a complex biological process driven by both intrinsic factors, such as genetics and hormonal changes, and extrinsic factors, including UV exposure, pollution, and lifestyle habits like smoking or poor nutrition. Over time, these factors lead to cumulative damage, particularly in the dermis, where critical structural components like collagen, elastin, and hyaluronic acid degrade. This breakdown results in the loss of skin volume/thickness, elasticity, firmness, and hydration, manifesting as fine lines, deep wrinkles, uneven skin tone, enlarged pores, and sagging skin.
The Role of Collagen in Aging
Collagen, the most abundant structural protein in the skin, is essential for maintaining its strength, elasticity, and volume. Collagen is produced by cells called fibroblasts that are predominantly found in the dermis. Over time, natural aging leads to a 1–1.5% annual decline in collagen production beginning as early as the mid-20s.9 This process is heightened by extrinsic aging factors, including sun exposure, pollution, and unhealthy habits like smoking, that further degrade collagen and elastin. As collagen levels diminish, the skin loses its ability to repair itself, leading to visible signs of aging. Many anti-aging treatments target the dermis to stimulate fibroblasts to increase collagen production, including 1450 nm laser treatment.
Absorption Properties
Laser-tissue interaction is largely determined by the absorption properties of skin molecules—primarily water, melanin, and hemoglobin. These absorption characteristics determine the depth of penetration, treatment efficacy, and safety profile of different laser wavelengths. See Figure 2 for details.10
1450 nm Absorption
The 1450 nm diode laser achieves highly controlled dermal remodeling by using water as its primary chromophore. This wavelength exhibits approximately 300 times greater water absorption than 1064 nm (Fig. 3), allowing it to confine energy precisely within the mid-dermis (0.5 mm depth)—the optimal zone for collagen production stimulation.11 By targeting water, the laser induces controlled thermal stress, which promotes fibroblast activation and collagen remodeling while minimizing damage to the epidermis.
Figure 2. Water, Melanin, and Hemoglobin Absorption Spectrum (Wu & Yang, n.d.)
In addition, 1450 nm has very low absorption in melanin and hemoglobin which results in absorption almost entirely by water alone. As a result, it is especially effective and comfortable for treating wrinkles, fine lines and superficial lines within the dermis and epidermis without concern for the impacts of melanin (skin color), tattoo effects, or hemoglobin impacts.
By focusing energy on the water-rich dermis, devices like the 1450 nm laser maximize collagen remodeling while minimizing risks to surrounding tissues, making them ideal for safe, effective wrinkle reduction.
Figure 3. Water Absorption Spectrum (Small, 2025)
1064 nm Absorption
In contrast, the 1064 nm wavelength has low water absorption but greater absorption by melanin (~4x more) and hemoglobin (~10x more) than 1450 nm (Fig. 3). Due to its stronger absorption, 1064 nm carries a greater risk of pigmentation issues. Additionally, it penetrates around 4 mm and deeper into the skin, which penetrates beyond the dermis to directly stimulate collagen synthesis (Fig. 4).12 However, absorption in melanin and hemoglobin can result in incidental heating of the dermis, making it a less efficient mechanism than the 1450 nm laser’s mechanism. The deeper penetration makes the 1064 nm wavelength optimal for treating vascular lesions, hair removal, and tattoo removal, but not wrinkle reduction.
Laser Mechanisms of Action
Non-Fractional 1450nm Lasers
NIRA’s 1450 nm diode laser system implements Precision Protein Promotion (P3) technology.13 This innovative approach optimizes thermal stimulation for collagen production while minimizing discomfort and downtime. P3 works by rapidly heating the dermis to above 39°C—the threshold for heat shock protein (HSP) activation—while carefully staying below the pain threshold (~45°C). The system adjusts fluence in real-time, reducing power as skin approaches 45°C to maintain a therapeutic levels at a comfortable temperature range.
Unlike fractional lasers that create many small dots of localized damaged zones, P3 technology uniformly heats the dermis for 2 to 5 seconds, ensuring widespread thermal stimulation without damaging the cellular structures. After the laser pulse, the dermis remains above 39°C for approximately 3 seconds which generates HSP production that stimulate the collagen synthesis and overall skin renewing processes.
HPSs act as molecular chaperones, promoting new collagen formation (Types I/III) and remodeling of existing collagen.14 The dermal heating below the pain threshold ensures no cellular damage and little to no risk of post-treatment inflammation and redness.
The Candela Smoothbeam laser is a clinical-grade non-fractional laser at 1450 nm that operates at a significantly higher fluence than NIRA, driving dermal temperatures well above the pain threshold of 45C°. This clinical laser is intended for 4-6 monthly treatments at higher energy levels and uses a cryogen cooling system to reduce damage to the epidermis. This laser works by the same mechanism of NIRA’s for skin renewing but has significant side effects, including pain, edema, erythema, and hyperpigmentation.
Non-Fractional 1064nm Lasers
DermRays uses a 1064 nm non-ablative non-fractional laser with an integrated thermoelectric cooling (TEC) system. The TEC pulls heat away from the surface, which DermRays says keeps the skin-contact temperature under 66C° to prevent pain. Most of the laser power absorbs 4 mm or deeper reaching the hypodermis—a layer of fat and connective tissue—or even muscle layers beneath it. This is the same mechanism used in the clinical non-fractional 1064 nm laser from Genesis and Lyra.
Figure 4. 1450 nm vs. 1064 nm Skin Penetration (Adapted from "3D medical animation skin layers", 2020)
Fractional 1064 nm lasers
The fractional 1064 nm devices including DEKA Again and Clarity LPY (Table 1) employ a fractional photothermolysis mechanism. Unlike traditional non-fractional lasers that treat the entire surface, these devices create small columns of thermal damage extending through the entire dermis while sparing surrounding tissue. This triggers a robust wound healing response, stimulating neocollagenesis and elastin remodeling.
While the untreated 'bridges' between columns accelerate healing compared to fully ablative treatments, fractional 1064 nm lasers still require significant downtime making them too aggressive for safe home use.
Efficacy of Home-use Laser Devices
DermRays (1064 nm)
While DermRays Revive is FDA-cleared under 510(k) K231910 for wrinkle reduction, hair removal, and skin rejuvenation, it has not been supported by peer-reviewed clinical trials or published histologic evaluations.15 DermRays has conducted a third-party Société Générale de Surveillance (SGS) consumer study involving 28 participants (ages 33–59) over 56 days.16 The results claim a 26.4% reduction in wrinkle count, 25.8% decrease in wrinkle size, and a 6% reduction in wrinkle depth as stated by DermRays website, however, the actual SGS report is not publicly available for confirmation. There was no formal measurement of wrinkle reduction according to the Fitzpatrick Wrinkle Scale (FWS), a tool used to assess the severity of wrinkles, that allows for comparison to other devices. These SGS findings were derived from self-assessment and non-peer-reviewed reports. This type of study has a large confirmation-bias and is not considered scientifically-accurate or a reliable result.
There is no publicly available evidence of randomized controlled trials, dermatologist-blinded assessments, or histologic confirmation of collagen remodeling for DermRays. Its clinical efficacy for wrinkle reduction remains unclear in the absence of robust, peer-reviewed evidence.
NIRA (1450 nm)
In contrast, devices operating at 1450 nm, such as NIRA (K163137, K222685), are supported by FDA-reviewed technical data and a blinded independent clinical study overseen by three medical experts, which demonstrated significant improvement in fine lines and wrinkles and indicated collagen renewal when used consecutively for 90 days.17,18
NIRA’s 1450 nm diode laser system is supported by robust clinical and regulatory evidence. According to its FDA 510(k) submission (K163137), a 76-subject clinical study demonstrated significant improvements in periorbital wrinkles. Notably, 69% of participants showed at least a 1-point improvement on the 9-point Fitzpatrick Wrinkle Score (FWS), with an average of a 2-point improvement, and a maximum improvement of 3 points. Additionally, 68% maintained these improvements 3 months after stopping treatment. 99% of clinical subjects reported the device as easy to use, 95% saw results within 3 months, and 90% recommended the device.
Efficacy of Clinical Devices
1450 nm Non-fractional Devices
In a clinical trial using the 1450 nm Smoothbeam Laser, FWS scores showed sustained reductions. Improvements began with a 1.05-point decrease at 1 month, rising to 1.3 points by 3 months and peaking at 1.55 points by 6 months (Table 1).19 At the 12-month follow-up, a slight regression to 1.42 points was observed. Side effects included erythema and hyperpigmentation, which was resolved with topical bleaching agents. It is understood that the hyperpigmentation was due to the dynamic cooling used during the treatments rather than the wavelength or fluence delivered, since 1450 nm is not well absorbed by melanin. The treatment was well tolerated, with mild to moderate discomfort.
A separate trial using the same device reported more dramatic results, with a 3-point reduction achieved by the 6-month endpoint (Table 1).20 Treatment was tolerated by all patients, with slight discomfort, but no adverse effects were reported.
1064 nm Non-fractional Devices
A study evaluating Cutera’s Laser Genesis demonstrated an average wrinkle improvement of 0.8 points on the after 3 months, with no adverse effects (Table 1).21 Another trial using the Laserscope Lyra reported a 0.48-point reduction at 3 months, which increased to 1.5 points after 5 months (Table 1).22 Side effects in this study included moderate pain, mild edema, and erythema. These non-fractional 1064nm laser results are most likely to be the best for comparison to the DermRays non-fractional results. It is unlikely for the DermRays efficacy to be greater than the results of these clinical results, especially considering the much lower fluence of DermRays compared to clinical devices
Figure 5. NIRA's Precision (Left) and Pro (Right) Home-use Devices
1550 nm Fractional Devices
1550 nm fractional laser devices are widely used in dermatology offices for wrinkle reduction and facial rejuvenation, as well as for treating the neck and other cosmetic areas. The 1550 nm wavelength has a water absorption rate similar to that of 1450 nm as shown in Figure 2, but it penetrates slightly deeper into the dermis. This deeper penetration allows the fractional laser to target and thermally disrupt full columns of tissue through the dermis within each fractional treatment spot.
The controlled damage stimulates the body’s natural healing process, where the unaffected surrounding tissue aids in repairing, promoting the production of new collagen and dermal remodeling. Over a series of treatments—typically three or more—the fractional zones are randomized, ensuring comprehensive dermal renewal. With each session, the skin undergoes gradual improvement, resulting in smoother, rejuvenated texture and tone.
Clinical studies showed that fractional laser treatments slightly improved FWS scores compared to 1450 nm non-fractional devices. However, common side effects of the 1550 nm fractional lasers included transient and prolonged erythema and moderate pain scores. The FRAX1550 laser achieved a 2.4-point reduction in FWS, while the Fraxel Xena device demonstrated a 0.7-point reduction at 1 month and a 2.91-point reduction at 3 months.23, 24 These results are comparable to the NIRA home device at a 2-point average reduction, that had no serious adverse effects.
1064 nm Fractional Devices
A clinical study evaluating the Clarity LPYTM laser demonstrated progressive wrinkle reduction over time, with FWS improvements of 0.58 points at 1 month, 1.52 at 2 months, and 2.11 at 3 months.25 Patients reported mild pain and transient erythema as common side effects.
Comparatively, the DEKA Again device (Fig. 6) achieved a 1.6-point FWS reduction, while the Discovery Pico Plus showed a 1.82-point reduction, with similar reports of mild discomfort and erythema.26,27,28 These fractional lasers work by delivering focused energy to thermally disrupt targeted tissue, triggering a controlled wound-healing response that promotes collagen remodeling and dermal regeneration. While this approach yields greater wrinkle reduction than non- fractional treatments, it also carries a higher risk of side effects whether it uses an ablative or non-ablative approach.
It is important to consider that the mechanism of action differs significantly from non-fractional 1064 nm devices. Since fractional lasers induce focused thermal injury zones and rely on fractional photothermolysis, their results cannot be directly compared to those of non- fractional systems like DermRays’ device. Thus, it is best to compare the DermRays non-fractional performance to that of the clinical 1064nm non- fractional performance.
Safety and Pain Considerations
T he 1450 nm wavelength, by primarily targeting water, is safe across Fitzpatrick skin types (I–VI) with minimal to no adverse effects. The Fitzpatrick scale is a numerical classification schema for human skin color, with higher numbers indicating darker skin tones.
Figure 6. DEKA Again Clinical Device (Again Pro, n.d.)
NIRA reaches therapeutic temperatures in a controlled manner to minimize discomfort, providing five energy level options so users can select the level where they feel warmth without discomfort or any side effects. NIRA’s clinical studies found that treating at this level of warmth without side effects yields best-in-class wrinkle reduction. With the clinical results stated below, it is clear that NIRA is a safe and effective treatment for all skin types without adverse effects, unlike other clinical and home-use devices.
Because melanin absorbs approximately four times more energy at 1064 nm than 1450 nm, they carry a higher risk of side effects, including erythema, post- inflammatory hyperpigmentation (especially in darker skin tones of Fitzpatrick IV–VI), and often require cooling mechanisms or reduced fluence to improve tolerability and safety. This concentration of power in such dark spots can cause wounds and scarring in the skin.
Optimal Wavelength for Anti-aging at Home
When comparing in-office clinical lasers and home-use devices, 1064 nm wavelengths demonstrate less pronounced anti-aging effects in the dermis compared to longer wavelengths like 1450 nm and 1550 nm. This is especially true for the non-fractional treatment devices. The difference stems from 1064 nm’s low water absorption, which results in the laser energy to passing through the dermis with little absorption (and related efficacy). Most 1064 nm laser power penetrates to approximately 4 mm and deeper—reaching the hypodermis and muscle layers rather than being concentrated in the dermis.
In clinical studies, non-fractional 1064 nm devices showed relatively low wrinkle reduction, with FWS reductions ranging from 0.48 to 1.0 points. This wavelength also carries a higher risk of side effects, particularly in darker skin tones (Fitzpatrick IV-VI), where melanin absorption can lead to post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation or thermal injury.
In contrast, 1450 nm and 1550 nm lasers—with their higher water absorption—deliver more energy to the dermis, promoting collagen remodeling with fewer risks for pigmentation complications.
The 1450 nm non-fractional device had comparable results to the clinical fractional 1064 nm and 1550 nm lasers (despite the different mechanism of action for the fractional approach). These improved results were regardless of the fact that the 1064 nm lasers used significantly higher fluence (J/cm2), demonstrating that targeting of the dermis with a precise wavelength is much more important than the overall fluence and power of the laser.
NIRA achieved an average of 1.4- and 2-point reductions in FWS after 3 and 7 months with a 3-point maximum reduction by the end of the treatment cycle. This outperformed the highest reduction for a non- fractional clinical-grade 1064 nm laser which scored an average reduction of 0.48 after 3 months and 1.0 after 6 months. Thus, NIRA provided 2 to 3 times the wrinkle reduction as compared to non-fractional 1064nm lasers.
NIRA was also comparable to the greatest reduction for a fractional 1064 nm laser which was 2.11. This is significant because non-fractional 1064 nm lasers typically require higher energy to penetrate deeply, increasing the risk of hyperpigmentation in darker skins tones, while delivering smaller cosmetic improvements. Fractional 1064 nm lasers, though effective, often involve more downtime and side effects due to their ablative or thermal disruption mechanisms. NIRA’s performance demonstrates efficacy rivaling fractional lasers with a safer, gentler profile. This makes NIRA’s 1450 nm lasers promising options for patients seeking visible anti-aging results with minimal downtime.
Efficiency through Energy Delivery
A 17-week comparative simulation was conducted for the NIRA and DermRays user guidelines, assuming a user adheres to 80 pulses per day. Under these conditions, NIRA—designed for daily use—delivered approximately 65,688 J of total energy, while DermRays, following a tapering protocol, delivered only 32,384 J (Fig. 7). This demonstrates that NIRA provides about two times more cumulative energy exposure over the treatment period.
Consistent and sufficient energy delivery is critical for effective collagen remodeling and wrinkle reduction. Higher total energy exposure ensures more sustained stimulation of fibroblasts, promoting better structural repair in the dermis. NIRA’s greater energy delivery— combined with its 300 times greater water absorption— likely explains its superior anti-aging outcomes. These factors enable more robust neocollagenesis, leading to visibly improved skin texture and firmness over time.
Thus, under the specified protocols, NIRA’s sustained high-energy delivery and superior dermal absorption are key drivers of its enhanced anti-aging performance compared to DermRays.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the 1450 nm wavelength is biomechanically superior for wrinkle reduction due to its high-water absorption, selective dermal targeting, and fewer side effects. Devices like NIRA maximize this advantage by delivering consistent, controlled energy daily into the mid-dermis, where collagen production is most effectively stimulated. The wavelength’s low melanin absorption also ensures safe and uniform results across all Fitzpatrick skin types, minimizing the risk of hyperpigmentation or overheating.
While 1064 nm lasers like DermRays are effective for deeper tissue penetration and broader applications such as vascular lesions and pigmentation, they are less efficient for precise collagen remodeling and carry greater risk of discomfort and pigmentation issues in darker skin tones due to higher melanin absorption.
Additionally, their treatment schedules are less frequent and deliver less cumulative energy over time.
Overall, for regular home-use devices, the 1450 nm non- fractional approach (e.g. NIRA) delivers 2 to 3 times the anti-aging efficacy with significantly lower side-effects as demonstrated by multiple clinical papers reviewed.
Figure 7. DermRays vs. NIRA Energy Comparison over 17 Weeks
Table 1. Clinical Results Summary
Wrinkle scale scores above are normalized to Fitzpatrick 9-point scale.
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